Carol Varghese
Spanish Focus- Trade and Christianity in the Philippines
Dutch Focus- Trade in the Indonesian islands
Dutch Focus- Trade in the Indonesian islands
The map shows many spice bearing islands, and the spice trade
A coin made by the VOC
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Commander Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
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Trade(Spanish)
- In 1565, Spanish came into control of Philippines
- Commander: Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. He named the island after King Phillip II of Spain
- The Philippines was an easy victory for Spanish; there was no organized resistance, but instead a group of small and disunited peoples
- Spanish had ships and guns, and managed to gain control of the coastal regions of the northern and central islands
- Manila: bustling port-city, and very important especially for silk trade
- Chinese merchants were very successful. As a result many suspicious Filipino and Spanish residents massacred thousands of Chinese merchants
- Still, Spanish authorities still heavily relied on Chinese merchants for the wealth they brought to Manila
- Many Filipinos were converted by Spanish rulers and missionaries
- Spanish pressured influential Filipino individuals to convert, hoping that others would follow their example
- Spanish authorities built schools that taught fundamental Christian beliefs
- Christianity was received better along the coastal areas(strong Spanish authority) than the highlands(weak Spanish authority)
- Over the years, the majority of the Philippines became Roman Catholic
- Dutch mariners mainly focused on the trade in spices(nutmeg, cloves, and mace)
- Jan Pieterszoon Coen founded Batavia on island of Java
- Batavia served as a trading center for the VOC
- VOC stands for "Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie" (United East India Company)
- It was near the Sunda Strait and it attracted many Malay and Chinese vessels and merchants
- Coen's plan: establish a VOC monopoly over the spice production and trade, which would lead to the Dutch producing enormous profits in European markets
- Coen used his powerful naval against the islands, forcing them to only deliver to VOC merchants
- On larger islands like Java, Coen took advantage of local tensions between the authorities
- The Dutch maliciously attacked those who didn't sell or trade with VOC merchants
- By late 17th century, the VOC controlled Java's ports and mostly all the spice bearing islands of Indonesia
- Dutch were few in numbers so they only ruled in the most important spice bearing islands(Batavia, Ambonia)
- In other places, alliances were made with the local to maintain order
- Profits from the VOC's spice trades made the Netherlands the most wealthy and prosperous land of Europe
College Board Themes
- Development and Interactions of Cultures: The Spanish rulers, authorities, and missionaries sought to convert the Filipinos to Christianity. They built schools to teach the Filipinos fundamental Christian beliefs. The Spanish also pressured influential Filipinos to convert, hoping that when they did, others would follow their example.
- Creation, Expansion & Interaction of Economic Systems; Both the Spanish and the Dutch focused on trade. The Spanish focused mainly on silk trade, and the Dutch focused on spice trade. The Dutch forced the islands to trade and sell with them(VOC), establishing a VOC monopoly over spice trade and production. The Spanish relied heavily on Chinese merchants because of the wealth they brought especially to trade centers like Manila.
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The Spanish and Dutch
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The Seljuk Turks
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